Cell Structure and Function – Cell Cycle & Cell Division Quiz - ICSE Class 11 Biology

Free practice quiz: Cell Structure and Function – Cell Cycle & Cell Division (ICSE Class 11 Biology). 50 multiple-choice questions with answers and explanations. Play online, no sign-up needed.

Sample questions

1. During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope completely disintegrate, allowing spindle fibers to attach to kinetochores?

   1. Prophase
   2. Prometaphase
   3. Metaphase
   4. Anaphase
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   Answer: B. Prometaphase

   Prometaphase is characterized by the breakdown of the nuclear envelope and the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochores of chromosomes. This transition between prophase and metaphase is crucial for chromosome alignment.

2. In plant cells, cytokinesis is achieved through the formation of a:

   1. Cleavage furrow
   2. Cell plate
   3. Cell wall
   4. Spindle apparatus
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   Answer: B. Cell plate

   Unlike animal cells which form a cleavage furrow, plant cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis. The cell plate originates from vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus and eventually develops into a new cell wall, separating the two daughter cells.

3. What is the main outcome of meiosis compared to mitosis in terms of genetic content and chromosome number?

   1. Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse haploid cells.
   2. Mitosis produces genetically diverse diploid cells, while meiosis produces genetically identical haploid cells.
   3. Mitosis produces genetically identical haploid cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse diploid cells.
   4. Mitosis produces genetically diverse haploid cells, while meiosis produces genetically identical diploid cells.
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   Answer: A. Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse haploid cells.

   Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other, maintaining the diploid chromosome number. Meiosis involves two rounds of division and genetic recombination (crossing over), producing four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells, which are gametes.

4. The term 'cytokinesis' refers to the:

   1. Replication of DNA
   2. Condensation of chromosomes
   3. Division of the cytoplasm
   4. Separation of sister chromatids
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   Answer: C. Division of the cytoplasm

   Cytokinesis is the final stage of the cell division process, involving the physical division of the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells, each with its own nucleus and organelles.

5. If a cell has a problem with spindle assembly, it will most likely be arrested at which checkpoint?

   1. G1 checkpoint
   2. G2 checkpoint
   3. M checkpoint
   4. S checkpoint
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   Answer: C. M checkpoint

   The M checkpoint (spindle checkpoint) specifically monitors the attachment of chromosomes to the spindle. A problem with spindle assembly means chromosomes will not be attached correctly, leading to arrest at this checkpoint.

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