Human Physiology – Chemical Coordination and Integration Quiz - ICSE Class 11 Biology

Free practice quiz: Human Physiology – Chemical Coordination and Integration (ICSE Class 11 Biology). 52 multiple-choice questions with answers and explanations. Play online, no sign-up needed.

Sample questions

1. Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, particularly liver and muscle cells?

   1. Glucagon
   2. Epinephrine
   3. Insulin
   4. Cortisol
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   Answer: C. Insulin

   Insulin, secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets, is the primary hormone that lowers blood glucose levels. It achieves this by increasing the permeability of cell membranes to glucose, promoting glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscles, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis.

2. The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released by the heart and acts to lower blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion. This hormone's function is antagonistic to which of the following hormones?

   1. Insulin
   2. Glucagon
   3. Aldosterone
   4. Epinephrine
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   Answer: C. Aldosterone

   Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, promotes sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus increasing blood volume and pressure. ANP, released by the heart in response to increased blood pressure, acts to oppose the effects of aldosterone by increasing sodium and water excretion.

3. Which hormone, produced by the hypothalamus and stored and released by the posterior pituitary, stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

   1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
   2. Prolactin
   3. Oxytocin
   4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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   Answer: C. Oxytocin

   Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It plays crucial roles in reproduction, specifically in stimulating smooth muscle contractions in the uterus during labor and contractions of the mammary glands to facilitate milk ejection.

4. Goiter, characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland, is most commonly caused by a deficiency of which dietary element, essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

   1. Iron
   2. Calcium
   3. Iodine
   4. Zinc
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   Answer: C. Iodine

   Iodine is a critical component in the synthesis of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine). A lack of iodine in the diet leads to insufficient production of these hormones, which in turn causes the pituitary gland to release more TSH. Chronic TSH stimulation causes the thyroid gland to enlarge, resulting in a goiter.

5. Which hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, while similar to epinephrine, has a greater effect on peripheral vasoconstriction and a lesser effect on cardiac stimulation and metabolic rate?

   1. Dopamine
   2. Norepinephrine
   3. Epinephrine
   4. Serotonin
   Show answer

   Answer: B. Norepinephrine

   Norepinephrine, synthesized and released by the adrenal medulla (along with epinephrine), acts primarily as a vasoconstrictor, increasing blood pressure. While it also has metabolic effects, they are generally less pronounced than those of epinephrine, which is a more potent cardiac stimulant and metabolic activator.

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