Functional Groups Quiz - CBSE Class 12 Chemistry
Free practice quiz: Functional Groups (CBSE Class 12 Chemistry). 11 multiple-choice questions with answers and explanations. Play online, no sign-up needed.
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Which of the following functional groups is characterized by a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group?
- Alcohol
- Aldehyde
- Carboxylic acid
- Ketone
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Answer: C. Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acids contain the -COOH group, which consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH).
What is the general formula for an aldehyde?
- R-COOH
- R-CHO
- R-CO-R
- R-OH
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Answer: B. R-CHO
Aldehydes have the general formula R-CHO, where R is an alkyl or aryl group.
A compound with the formula C3H6O can be either a ketone or an aldehyde. Which spectroscopic technique would be most useful in distinguishing between these two possibilities?
- Mass Spectrometry
- Infrared Spectroscopy
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy
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Answer: B. Infrared Spectroscopy
Infrared spectroscopy can distinguish between aldehydes and ketones based on the characteristic absorption frequencies of their carbonyl groups (C=O). Aldehydes show additional absorption bands not present in ketones.
Describe the mechanism of esterification.
- Nucleophilic addition
- Electrophilic addition
- Nucleophilic acyl substitution
- Electrophilic aromatic substitution
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Answer: C. Nucleophilic acyl substitution
Esterification involves the nucleophilic attack of the alcohol on the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid, leading to the formation of an ester and water.
Design a synthetic route to prepare a specific ester from a given carboxylic acid and alcohol, considering reaction conditions and potential side reactions.
- Multiple steps may be required involving acid catalysis and purification techniques.
- Direct reaction of the acid and alcohol under acidic conditions is sufficient.
- Reaction with a Grignard reagent is required.
- The reaction is not feasible.
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Answer: A. Multiple steps may be required involving acid catalysis and purification techniques.
Ester synthesis often requires careful control of reaction conditions (acid catalysis) and purification techniques (e.g., distillation) to obtain a high yield and purity of the desired ester, potentially needing to address side reactions.