Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology – rDNA, GMOs, Bioreactors, Gene Therapy, Biosafety Quiz - ICSE Class 12 Biology

Free practice quiz: Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology – rDNA, GMOs, Bioreactors, Gene Therapy, Biosafety (ICSE Class 12 Biology). 50 multiple-choice questions with answers and explanations. Play online, no sign-up needed.

Sample questions

1. Which restriction enzyme recognizes the palindromic sequence 5'-GAATTC-3' and cuts between G and A?

   1. HindIII
   2. EcoRI
   3. BamHI
   4. PstI
   Show answer

   Answer: B. EcoRI

   EcoRI is a restriction enzyme that recognizes the palindromic sequence 5'-GAATTC-3' and produces sticky ends by cutting between the guanine (G) and adenine (A) bases on both strands.

2. What is the purpose of a containment strategy in a biosafety framework for genetically modified organisms?

   1. To enhance the growth rate of GMOs.
   2. To prevent the escape of GMOs from the laboratory or cultivation site.
   3. To accelerate the process of gene expression.
   4. To increase the efficiency of DNA replication.
   Show answer

   Answer: B. To prevent the escape of GMOs from the laboratory or cultivation site.

   Containment refers to the physical, biological, or administrative measures put in place to ensure that genetically modified organisms remain confined to their intended environment and do not pose a risk to the wider ecosystem or public health.

3. In gene therapy, retroviral vectors are often used. What is a unique characteristic of retroviral integration into the host genome?

   1. It is a transient integration.
   2. It involves reverse transcription of viral RNA into DNA, followed by integration.
   3. It only occurs in non-dividing cells.
   4. It is reversible.
   Show answer

   Answer: B. It involves reverse transcription of viral RNA into DNA, followed by integration.

   Retroviruses utilize the enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genome into double-stranded DNA. This DNA is then integrated into the host cell's genome, becoming a permanent part of it.

4. In bioreactor design, what is the purpose of a sparger?

   1. To remove carbon dioxide.
   2. To introduce air or oxygen into the liquid medium.
   3. To maintain a constant temperature.
   4. To break down complex nutrients.
   Show answer

   Answer: B. To introduce air or oxygen into the liquid medium.

   A sparger is a device that disperses gas (usually air or oxygen) into the liquid culture medium in fine bubbles, increasing the surface area for gas transfer and thus supplying oxygen to the respiring cells.

5. The process of genetically engineering a bacterium to produce human insulin involves inserting the human insulin gene into a bacterial plasmid. What is the source of the bacterial plasmid?

   1. A plant cell
   2. A yeast cell
   3. A bacterial cell
   4. A virus
   Show answer

   Answer: C. A bacterial cell

   Bacterial plasmids are naturally occurring, extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria. They serve as versatile vectors in genetic engineering because they can be easily isolated, manipulated, and reintroduced into host bacteria.

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